MOLE-MOLE ANALYSIS:

Mole Concepts:

Mole and Moles Analysis rule:

Ratio of Moles of reactant or product with its coefficient is always constant for a balance chemical equation:

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (1):

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (2):

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (3):

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (4):  367.5 gm KClO₃ (122.5) when heated then calculate.

(1) How many gram of O₂ is produced?

(2)How Many litre of O₂ is produced at STP?

SOLUTION:

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (5): how many moles O₂ are required to needed produced 5 moles of Fe₂O₃.

SOLUTION:

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (6): how many grams of Fe₂O₃ formed by heating of 18 gm FeO with O₂.

SOLUTION:

PERCENTAGE(%) YIELD OF CHEMICAL REACTION:

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (1): 200 gm of CaCO₃ on heating produces 11.2 litre of CO₂ (g) at STP calculate % yield of reaction?

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (2): 3.9 gm Al(OH)₃  is reacted with excess of HCl , 6.5 gm AlCl₃ is formed determined % yield of reaction ?

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (3): Calculate moles of D produce by 4 moles of A.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (4): 9 moles of D and 14 moles of E are allowed to react in closed vessel according to given equation.

Calculate number of B formed in end of reaction, If 4 moles of G are present in reaction vessel. (% yield of each reaction in the reactions)

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (5): For the reaction
Initially 2.5 moles of Fe(NO₃)₃ and 3.6 moles of Na₂CO₃ are taken. If 6.3 moles of Na₂CO₃ is obtained the % yield of given reaction is ?

PERCENTAGE(%) PURITY OF GIVEN SAMPLES:

LLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (1): 200 gm of CaCO₃ sample on heating produces 11.2 liters of CO₂ (g) at STP. Calculate % purity of CaCO₃ sample?

LLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (2): Calculate the amount of 80 % pure NaOH sample required to react with 21.3 gm Chlorine in hot condition.

LLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (3): When 1.25 gm sample of Chalk is strongly heated. 0.44 gm of CO2 is produced. Calculate % purity of Chalk sample?

LLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (4): The Mass of 80% pure H₂SO₄ required to completely neutralize 106 gm of Na₂CO₃?

LLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (5): When dilute HCl is added to 5.73 gm of contaminated CaCO₃, 2.49 gm of CO₂ is obtained. Find % purity of CaCO3 sample?

LLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (6): A sample of impure Iron pyrite (FeS₂) when 13.9 gm heated then it produces iron (iii) oxide (Fe₂O₃) and Sulphur dioxide (SO₂). If 8.02 gm Iron (iii) oxide is obtained, what was the % purity of given sample (original-FeS₂)?

HEISENBERG'S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE:

"It is not possible to determine simultaneously the exact position and exact moment of a particle as small as an electron"

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (1): If error in position of an electron is 0.33 pm, what will be the error in its velocity? (1 pm=10^-12) 

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (2): If H⁺ (ion) is accelerated to a final velocity of 6.62×10⁺⁶ meter per second and error in velocity is 1% then find uncertainty in position is?

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (3): Radius of nucleus is the order of 10^-13 cm (10^-15 m) and thus on the basis of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle .show that electron cannot exist within the atomic nucleus?

SOLUTION:
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (4): If uncertainty in position and momentum of electron  are equal then prove that uncertainty in velocity  is ...

SOLUTION:
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (5):If uncertainty in momentum of an electron are three times of uncertainty in position then uncertainty in velocity of electron would be  

SOLUTION:
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (6): What is the uncertainty of Photon in position of  wave length 500 A .If wave length is known to an accuracy of 1pm. 

SOLUTION:
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (7): An electron is accelerated by (V) volt and following graph is obtained calculate the (V) voltage?

SOLUTION:
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (8): A electron having velocity 2×10⁺⁶ m/s has uncertainty in kinetic energy is 6.62/π×10^-34 j, than calculate the uncertainty in position of electron in Anstrom .

SOLUTION:
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (9): Two particles A and B are in motion .if the wave length associated with particle A is 5×10-⁸ m. Calculate the wave length associated with particle B if momentum is Half of A?

SOLUTION:
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (10): If uncertainty in position of an moving electron is equal to its de Broglie wave length, then its velocity will be completely uncertain. Explain?

SOLUTION:
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (11): If the de Broglie wave length of a particle of mass (m) is 100 times of its Velocity. Then its value in term of its mass (m) and plank constant (h) is?

DIBORANE-HYDRIDE OF BORONE-(B2H6):

INTRODUCTION:

Boranes are hydride of Boron and diborane is famous borane. It is gas and is highly inflammable in air and poisonous Diborane is used for preparing substances such as high energy fuel and propellants.

The main boranes are Nidoborane and Archanoborane.

Nidoborane (BnHn+4): Example B₂H₆, B₃H₇, and B₄H₈

Archanoborane (BnHn+6):  Example B₂H₈

Preparation of Diborane:

Boranes are hydride of Boron and diborane is famous borane. It is gas and is highly inflammable in air and poisonous Diborane is used for preparing substances such as high energy fuel and propellants.

Other Methods: