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Sunday, October 21, 2018

SPONTANEOUS AND NON SPONTANEOUS PROCESS

SPONTANEOUS PROCESS: Those process which have natural tendency to take place ,they may or may not require initiation.
For example
(1) Flow of water from higher level to lower level .
(2) Flow of heat from high temperature to lower temperature.
(3) Radioactivity
(4) Cooling of cup of tea .
(5) Evaporation
(6) Condensation 
(7) Sublimation
(8) Burning of candle
(9) Dissolution of salt and sugar in water
(10) Burning of fuel
(11) melting of ice at room temperature.
NON SPONTANEOUS PROCESS: All spontaneous processes are non spontaneous processes in reverse direction it requires spot of external energy for their progress.
CRITERIA FOR SPONTANEITY:
(1) If dS universe is greater than Zero  then process is spontaneous (reversible)
(2) If dS is Zero then process is in reversible state of equilibrium
(3) If dS is lower than Zero then  process is non spontaneous
For  a spontaneous process entropy of univers is greater than Zero . In order to use entropy has a sole criteria , we need to have information about system as well as surrounding.
dS(system) + dS(surr) is greater than  Zero
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In order to explain the spontaneous behaviour by using the parameters of system we can established  two criteria.
(1) Randomness
(2) Criteria of energy
A spontaneous process is one in which energy ( enthalpy) decreasing and Randomness of system increasing.
For spontaneous proceDH=-ve and dS=+ve

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