Which amine is most basic in gas phase? (3° 2° Or 1°)

Tertiary amines are more basic than secondary amines, which are more basic than primary because in the gas phase, their is less stearic effect as well as no solvation effect so amines exhibit their  basicities  due to the electron-releasing effects of the organic substituents only , Thus  3° amines,  has three ERG groups so it becomes more basic and ammonia is least basic than amines because their is no ERG .

Related Questions:

1. What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? 
2. Explain:Arrange the following in the increasing order of their acid strength : Methyl amine, Dimethyl amine, Aniline, N-methyl aniline (I.I.T, 1988).
3. What is Carbylamine test or Isocyanide test ?
4. What is Hinsberg's reagent and where Hinsberg's test use?
5. Can we prepare aniline by Gabriel – phthalimide reaction?
6. N-Ethyl-N-methyl propanamine does not show optical activity why?
7. What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? Explain:
8. Amines are more basic than ammonia why?
9. Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?
10. Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?
11. What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?
12. Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?
13. Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?
14. What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?
15. Why pyridine is more basic than Pyrrole?
16. Why pyrimidine is less basic than pyridine?
17. Imidazole is more basic than pyridine? Why?
18. Biological Important of Imidazole and structure:
19. Pyridine is almost 1 million times less basic than piperidine? Why?
20. Cyclohexylamine amine is the stronger base than Aniline? Why?
21. Tetrahydroquinoline amine is the stronger base than Tetrahydroisoquinoline? Why?

How is basicity order determined?

According to "Lewis acid base concept base are those substance which can donate lone pair or can accept H+ ions" Basicity order of base determined on the basis of lp donation power of base. 

For example amine are  the  base due to the presence of lone pair on nitrogen atom.

Order of basicity of amines are as follow:

                                      3°>2°>1° (gaseous state only)

3° amines are more basic due to high density of electron on nitrogen atom hence it can easily donate lp to the acid or H+

For more details click the link given below:

What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? Explain:

Related Questions:

1. What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? 
2. Explain:Arrange the following in the increasing order of their acid strength : Methyl amine, Dimethyl amine, Aniline, N-methyl aniline (I.I.T, 1988).
3. What is Carbylamine test or Isocyanide test ?
4. What is Hinsberg's reagent and where Hinsberg's test use?
5. Can we prepare aniline by Gabriel – phthalimide reaction?
6. N-Ethyl-N-methyl propanamine does not show optical activity why?
7. What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? Explain:
8. Amines are more basic than ammonia why?
9. Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?
10. Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?
11. What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?
12. Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?
13. Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?
14. What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?
15. Why pyridine is more basic than Pyrrole?
16. Why pyrimidine is less basic than pyridine?
17. Imidazole is more basic than pyridine? Why?
18. Biological Important of Imidazole and structure:
19. Pyridine is almost 1 million times less basic than piperidine? Why?
20. Cyclohexylamine amine is the stronger base than Aniline? Why?
21. Tetrahydroquinoline amine is the stronger base than Tetrahydroisoquinoline? Why?

22. N,N,2,6-Tetramethyl aniline is more basic than N,N-Dimethyl aniline.Why ?

23. Which amine is most basic in gas phase? (3° 2° Or 1°)

N,N,2,6-Tetramethyl aniline is more basic than N,N-Dimethyl aniline.Why ?

In case of N,N-Dimethyl aniline its dialkyl derivatives the NMe₂group is coplanar with benzene ring.  So p-electron (lone pair) on N atom and pi orbitals are remain in the same plane. For this the p-electron on N-atom can delocalized via pi orbital in the benzene ring and its result the electron availability in para position is high and less available at nitrogen atom and hence less basic.

On the other hand , in case of N,N,2,6 tetramethyl aniline(2,6-dimethyl N,N-dimethyl aniline) having two bulky methyl group in ortho position of the benzene ring , the NMe₂ group can not remain in the same plane. That is why the p-electron on N-atom cannot delocalized through pi orbital in para position. (due to steric inhibition of resonance)  It is localized at nitrogen atom Thus 2,6-Dimethyl aniline  derivative is more basic.

Related Questions:

1. What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? 
2. Explain:Arrange the following in the increasing order of their acid strength : Methyl amine, Dimethyl amine, Aniline, N-methyl aniline (I.I.T, 1988).
3. What is Carbylamine test or Isocyanide test ?
4. What is Hinsberg's reagent and where Hinsberg's test use?
5. Can we prepare aniline by Gabriel – phthalimide reaction?
6. N-Ethyl-N-methyl propanamine does not show optical activity why?
7. What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? Explain:
8. Amines are more basic than ammonia why?
9. Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?
10. Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?
11. What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?
12. Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?
13. Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?
14. What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?
15. Why pyridine is more basic than Pyrrole?
16. Why pyrimidine is less basic than pyridine?
17. Imidazole is more basic than pyridine? Why?
18. Biological Important of Imidazole and structure:
19. Pyridine is almost 1 million times less basic than piperidine? Why?
20. Cyclohexylamine amine is the stronger base than Aniline? Why?
21. Tetrahydroquinoline amine is the stronger base than Tetrahydroisoquinoline? Why?

How is base strength related to the availabihty of the electron-pair?

Base strength depends on the ability of the basic site (which always has an unshared electron pair) to accept a proton. This ability depends on the charge in an anion or electron density in a molecular base. For species with an identical charge, dispersal or delocalization of the electrons from the basic site to other parts of the molecule results in decreased electron density and decreased base strength.

Related Questions:

1. What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? 
2. Explain:Arrange the following in the increasing order of their acid strength : Methyl amine, Dimethyl amine, Aniline, N-methyl aniline (I.I.T, 1988).
3. What is Carbylamine test or Isocyanide test ?
4. What is Hinsberg's reagent and where Hinsberg's test use?
5. Can we prepare aniline by Gabriel – phthalimide reaction?
6. N-Ethyl-N-methyl propanamine does not show optical activity why?
7. What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? Explain:
8. Amines are more basic than ammonia why?
9. Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?
10. Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?
11. What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?
12. Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?
13. Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?
14. What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?
15. Why pyridine is more basic than Pyrrole?
16. Why pyrimidine is less basic than pyridine?
17. Imidazole is more basic than pyridine? Why?
18. Biological Important of Imidazole and structure:
19. Pyridine is almost 1 million times less basic than piperidine? Why?
20. Cyclohexylamine amine is the stronger base than Aniline? Why?
21. Tetrahydroquinoline amine is the stronger base than Tetrahydroisoquinoline? Why?

What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? Explain:

Amines are more basic in nature than ammonia because in amines alkyl groups are present, which have +I effect, therefore. They increase electron density on nitrogen atom; therefore, amines can donate electron pair more easy than ammonia. On the basis above conclusion the expected order of basic nature of amines is 3°amine > 2°amine > 1° amine (basis of Inductive effect) in gaseous state) 

But actual order is 2° amine > 1°amine > 3°amine this anomalous behavior of amines is explained as follows:

 Actually basic nature of amines not only depends upon electron density available on nitrogen atom, but also depends upon stability of conjugate acid (Solvation effect) that amines form in aqueous solutions. The stability of conjugate acid in turn depends upon the extent of hydrogen bonding. Greater the extent of hydrogen bonding stronger is the conjugate acid and more is the basic nature of amines. on the basis of stability of conjugate acid (Solvation effect) the expected order of basic nature of amines is 1° amine > 2°amine 3°amine 

But net result of the two opposing factors (Inductive and Solvation effect) the net  basic strength order is as 2°amime > 1° amine > 3°amine.

Related Questions:

(1) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their acid strength : Methyl amine, Dimethyl amine, Aniline, N-methyl aniline (I.I.T, 1988).

(2) What is Carbylamine test or Isocyanide test ?

(3) What is Hinsberg's reagent and where Hinsberg's test use?

(4) Can we prepare aniline by Gabriel – phthalimide reaction?

(5) N-Ethyl-N-methyl propanamine does not show optical activity why?

(6) What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? Explain:

(7) Amines are more basic than ammonia why?

(8) Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?

(9) Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?

(10) What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?

(11) Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?

(12) Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?

(13) What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?

(14) Why pyridine is more basic than Pyrrole?

(15) Why pyrimidine is less basic than pyridine?

(16) Imidazole is more basic than pyridine? Why?

(17) Biological Important of Imidazole and structure:

(18) Pyridine is almost 1 million times less basic than piperidine? Why?

(19) Cyclohexylamine amine is the stronger base than Aniline? Why?

(20) Tetrahydroquinoline amine is the stronger base than Tetrahydroisoquinoline? Why?

Amines are more basic than ammonia why?

Amines are more basic in nature than ammonia because in amines alkyl groups are present, which have -I effect, therefore. They increase electron density on nitrogen atom, therefore, amines can donate electron pair more easy than ammonia.

Related Questions:

1. What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? 
2. Explain:Arrange the following in the increasing order of their acid strength : Methyl amine, Dimethyl amine, Aniline, N-methyl aniline (I.I.T, 1988).
3. What is Carbylamine test or Isocyanide test ?
4. What is Hinsberg's reagent and where Hinsberg's test use?
5. Can we prepare aniline by Gabriel – phthalimide reaction?
6. N-Ethyl-N-methyl propanamine does not show optical activity why?
7. What is relative basic strength order 1° amines , 2°amines and 3° amines ? Explain:
8. Amines are more basic than ammonia why?
9. Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?
10. Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?
11. What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?
12. Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?
13. Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine?
14. What is correct basicity order of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine ?
15. Why pyridine is more basic than Pyrrole?
16. Why pyrimidine is less basic than pyridine?
17. Imidazole is more basic than pyridine? Why?
18. Biological Important of Imidazole and structure:
19. Pyridine is almost 1 million times less basic than piperidine? Why?
20. Cyclohexylamine amine is the stronger base than Aniline? Why?
21. Tetrahydroquinoline amine is the stronger base than Tetrahydroisoquinoline? Why?

Give an explanation for the fact that Guanidine NH=C(CH3)2 is a stronger base than most of amines?

The remarkable basicity of guanidine is attributed to the fact that the positive charge on the  guanidinium ion is delocalized equally over the three nitrogen atoms, as shown by these three equivalent resonating  structures:

Related Questions:

Penta-1,3-diene is more stable than penta-1,4 -diene. Why?

Phenoxide ion is more stable than an alkaoxide. why?

Why does aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution dissolve carboxylic acids but not phenol though they are also acidic ?

Why enol form of Beta Dicarbonyl compound more stable than those of monocarbonyl compounds?

Why enol form of phenol is more stable than its keto isomers?

Reactivity order of Pyrrole, Furan and Thiophene towards Electrophilic substitution :

Phenyl group is known to extract negative inductive effect, but each phenyl ring in biphenyl is more reactive than benzene towards Electrophilic substation. Why?

Chloroform is more acidic than fluoroform why?

Fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine even then, p-flurobenzoic acid is weaker acid than p-chlorobenzoic acid explain ? 

Trifluoroethyl carbocation is less stable than trifluromethyl carbocation why ?

Why is the Tropylium carbocation less stable than the tricyclopropylmethyl carbocation?