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Wednesday, December 26, 2018

BRIDGE BONDING-MULTI-CENTERED BOND:

Formation of bridge bonds is properly explained by MOT. According to which these bonds are formed by filling electrons into molecular orbital’s which lies over three nuclei hence such bonds are called specified as three centre bonds.
Bond angle between bridge bonds is less than bond angle between terminal bonds.
Bridge bonds are longer than terminal bonds
Bond energy of
3C-2e bond is found to be higher than 2C-2e bond for same substitute. It may also be true for 4C-4e bond.
During formation of bridge bond empty atomic orbitals of central atom participate in hybridization.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES (1):
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (2): BCl3 do not dimerised due to back bonding


ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (3): AlCl3   will have also    very less back bonding due to crowding  
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (4): Steric crowding will there in B(CH3)3
IMPORTANT NOTES:
(1) If there is no steric crowding and back bonding in a molecules then bridge bond formed and molecules dimerised and stabilized and dimerisation are more stable than back bonding.
(2) Most of the electron deficient compound attains stability by performing back bonding or they undergo dimerisation provided certain conditions are fulfilled
(3) BCl3 ,BBr3 BI3 and B(Me)3 although  they are electron deficient compound but do not undergo dimerisation  because  of steric factor in demmeric formed

TYPE OF BRIDGE BOND:
(1) 3C-2e Bond Or Banana Bond         (2) 4C-4e Bond

(1) 3C-2e BOND OR BANANA BOND:

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (5): FORMATION OF B2H6:
(1) Formation of 3C-2e bond in B2H6 is best explain by MOT and total number of bond in B2H6 is 6 (3C-2e=2 and 3C-4e=4)
(2) Bridge bonds are longer than terminal bond because at bridge bonds electrons are delocalized at three centres
(3) Bond energy (441kj/mole) of B-H-B bond is greater than bond energy (381 K j/mole) of   B-H bond.
(4) Hybridization of B atom is sp3, so non planer, and non polar (U=0)
(5)  B2H6 Methylated up to B2H2 Me4
(6) B2H6 is hypovalent molecule hence act as Lewis acid and undergoes two type of cleavage when react with Lewis base:

(A) UNSYMETRICAL CLEAVAGE: 
B2H6 Undergo unsymmetrical cleavage with small size strong Lewis base like NH3 NH2Me and NH (Me) 2 etc.

(B) SYMETRICAL CLEAVAGE:
B2H6 undergoes symmetrical cleavage with large size weak Lewis base like PH3, PF3,Me3N , OEt , OMe3, pyridine , THF , Thiophene , SMe2 ,Set2

(2) 3C-4e BOND or 3C-4e BRIDGE BOND: 
AL2Cl6 Dimmerised by 3C-4e bond bridge bond:

Al2Cl6 is neither hypovalent nor hypovalent rather its octet is complete. We will used  MOT here  it cannot act as Lewis acid  due to crowding in spite   having vacant d orbital’s   however Alcl3  act as Lewis acid .
Al2Cl6 contains six bond having two bridge bond(3c-4e) and four bond is (2C-2e)
Boron do not formed bridge bond because boron experience steric crowding.

REASON OF DIMERISATION:
(1) By formation of 3C-2e bond
(2) By formation of 3C-4e bond
(3) By pairing of unpaired electrons.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (6): Which of the following molecule is/are dimerized by co-ordination bond?
(A) AlCl3                     (B) BeCl2                    (C) ICl3                         (D) All of these

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (7): The geometry with respect to the central atom of the following molecules are:   N (SiH3)3 ; Me3N ; (SiH3)3P
(A) Planar, pyramidal, planar
(B) Planar, pyramidal, pyramidal
(C) Pyramidal, pyramidal, pyramidal
(D) Pyramidal, planar, pyramidal

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (8):
Which one of the following statements is not true regarding diborane?
(A) It has two bridging hydrogens and four perpendicular to the rest.
(B)When methylated, the product is Me4B2H2.
(C) The bridging hydrogens are in a plane perpendicular to the rest.
(D) All the B–H bond distances are equal.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (9):
The structure of diborane (B2H6) contains
(A) Four (2C–2e–) bonds and two (2C–3e–) bonds
(B) Two (2C–2e–) bonds and two (3C–2e–) bonds
(C) Four (2C–2e–) bonds and four (3C– 2e–) bonds
(D) None of these

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (10):
The molecular shapes of diborane is shown:
Consider the following statements for diborane:
1. Boron is approximately sp3 hybridized
2. B-H-B angle is 180°
3. There are two terminal B-H bonds for each boron atom
4. There are only 12 bonding electrons available

Of these statements:
(A) 1, 3 and 4 are correct                                               (B) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(C) 2, 3 and 4 are correct                                               (D) 1, 2 and 4 are correct

Assertion & Reason:

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (11):
Statement-1 : BeH2 undergoes polymerisation while BH3 undergoes dimerisation.
Statement-2 : After dimerization of BH3 molecules into B2H6, no vaccant orbital at B
atom isleft to carry on further polymerization. However, in case of BeH2, after dimerization of BeH2molecules into Be2H4 each Be atom still contain sone empty 'p' orbital which brings further polymerization. 
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation forstatement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (12):
Statement-1: The B–F bond length in BF3 is not identical with that in –BF4
Statement-2: Back bonding is involved in –BF4 but not in BF3
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation forstatement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE (13):
Statement-1: (CH3)3Si – OH is more acidic than (CH3)3C – OH.
Statement-2: (CH3)3 Si – OH has back bonding.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

Answers Key:

2 comments:

  1. Amazing explanation! Haven't found anything better than this!

    ReplyDelete
  2. just awesome explanation,it helped me in neet preparation

    ReplyDelete