What is Azeotropic mixture or solution?

A solution which boils like a pure liquid and has same composition in liquid as well as vapour phase is called Azeotropic solution or mixture.

Features of Azeotropic mixture:

# For Azeotropic solution XA =YA

# An ideal solution can not form Azeotropic mixture.

# only non ideal solution form Azeotropic mixture.

# composition of Azeotrope alter on changing external pressure.

# Azeotropic solution can't separated by fractional distillation.

Type of Azeotropic solution or mixture:

(1) Minimum boiling Azeotropic solution. 

It is formed by solution which show positive (+) deviation from ideal behaviour. Such solution has boiling point smaller than boiling point of both of components liquids.

For example, mixture of 95% ethanol by weight and 4% of water. 

Water boils at 373 K, and ethanol boils at about 351.5K, while azeotropes mixture of both boil at around 351.15 K, suggesting a boiling point lower than its constituents.

(2) Maximum boiling Azeotropic solution.

It is formed by solution which show negative (-) deviation from ideal behaviour. Such solution has boiling point larger than boiling point of both of components liquids.

For example,  mixture of approximately 20% by weight hydrochloric acid and 79 % of water.

Water boils at 373 K and hydrochloric acid boil at about 188 K,  while azeotropes  of both boil at around 383 K which is a boiling point greater than its constituents.

Related Questions;

(1) An aqueous solution has 5% urea and 10% glucose by weight. what will be the freezing point of this solution ? ( Kf = 1.86 K Kg per mole)

(2) Acetic acid dimerised to an extent of 30% in benzene . The observed molecular mass (in gm) is...

(3) How much ice will separate if a solution containing 25 g of ethylene glycol [C2H4(OH) 2] in 100g of water is cooled to 10°C? Kf(H2O) = 1.86 (25.05 g)

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(6) Aqueous solution of 0.004 M Na2SO4 and 0.01 M glucose are iosotonic .The degree of dissociation of Na2SO4 is ..

(7) How can derivatives relation between relative lovering of vapour pressure and molality?

(8) A saturared solution of XCl3 has a vapour pressure 17.20 mm Hg at 20°C, while pure water vapour pressure is 17.25 mm Hg. Solubility product (Ksp) of XCl3 at 20°C is

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(11) Freezing point of pure liquid A is T K. If some amount of non-electrolyte non-volatile impurity is added in A, an ideal solution is formed. On cooling at 200 K, only 30% (by mass) liquid A is present and at 201 K, 60 % (by mass) liquid A is present. The value of T is .

(12) Liquid A and B form ideal solution at temperature T. Mole fraction of A in liquid and vapour phase are 0.4 and 4/13 respectively, when total pressure is 130 torr. The vapour pressure (in torr) of A and B in pure state at temperature T are respectively.

(13) 2 millimolar solution of sodium ferrocyanide is 60% dissociated at 27°C. osmotic pressure of the slotution is .

(14) Decimolar solution of K4[Fe(CN)6] dissociate by 60% at 27°C. Determine osmotlc pressure in Nature/M2.

(15) A complex is represented as CoCl3.xNH3.Freezing point of its 0.1 molar solution is - 0.558° C (Kf = 18.6) Assuming 100 % dissociation and coordination number of Co(iii) is six , the what is the complex formula ?

(16) A complex is wrltten as M(en)y.xBr. lts 0.05 molar solution shows 2.46 atm osmotlc pressure at 27°C. Assuming 100 % ionisaton and coordination number of metal (iii) is six, complex may be:

(17) Find the freezing point of a solution when 5 moI of Kl is mixed with 1 moI of HgCI2 in 3500 g of H20. Kf of H20 1.86 K/m. (KI + HgCI2 --> K2Hgl4 + KCI)

(18) A mixture of weighing 228 g contain CaCl2 and NaCl . If this mixture is dissolved in 10 kg of water and form ideal solution that boil at 100.364 ℃ The mol % of NaCl in mixture is [ kb of water = 0.52 K per mol Kg]

(19) What is the Raoult's law and it's application ?

(20) What is Vapour pressure of liquid ?