In this process the molten impure metal is heated in a cupel, which is boat-shaped dish made of bone ash or cement, and a blast of air is passed over the molten metal. The impurities are oxidized and the volatile oxides thus produced escape with the blast of air.
The pure metal remains behind in the cupel. Pb present in silver is removed by cupellation process.
2 Pb(g) + O2 --> 2 PbO(g)
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