How to distinguish primary , secondary and tertiary alcohols ?

Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols can distinguish by Victor-Meyer's test and Lucas test which are given as:

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What is the Isoelectric points of amino acids?

Isoelectric point (pI): The hydrogen ion concentration at which a particular amino acid does not influence by electric field is known as Iso-electric point (pI).

At isoelectric points:

(1) [cation] = [Anion]

(2) Net charge on particular amino acid is zero.

(3) Maximum concentration of zwiter ion

(1) Isoelectric point (pI) of neutral amino acid (for example alanine) is the average of pKa1 and pKa2. For example pI of alanine calculated as:

          PI= 1/2(pKa1+pKa2)

(2) Isoelectric point (pI) of acidic amino acid is the average of pKa values of two -COOH groups (uncharged) in its acidic form. For example pI of Glutamic acid calculated as:

(3)Isoelectric point (pI) of basic amino acid is the average of pKa values of two positively charged amine groups in its acidic form. For example pI of lysine calculated as:

Notes: Acidic amino acid has lowest pI value while basic amino acid had highest isoelectric point (pI).

Related topic:

Amphoteric salt hydrolysis:

How to calculate Isoelectric point (pI) of acidic and basic amino acids?

Isoelectric point (pI): The hydrogen ion concentration at which a particular amino acid does not influence by electric field is known as Iso-electric point (pI).

At isoelectric points:

(1) [cation] = [Anion]

(2) Net charge on particular amino acid is zero.

(3) Maximum concentration of zwiter ion

(1) Isoelectric point (pI) of neutral amino acid (for example alanine) is the average of pKa1 and pKa2. For example pI of alanine calculated as:

          PI= 1/2(pKa1+pKa2)

(2) Isoelectric point (pI) of acidic amino acid is the average of pKa values of two -COOH groups (uncharged) in its acidic form. For example pI of Glutamic acid calculated as:

(3)Isoelectric point (pI) of basic amino acid is the average of pKa values of two positively charged amine groups in its acidic form. For example pI of lysine calculated as:

Related topic:

Amphoteric salt hydrolysis:

50 ml of C3H8 is mixed with 300 ml of oxygen for complete combustion find out the final volume and volume concentration.

 

Related Questions:

(1) 1 ml of gaseous aliphatic compound CnH3nOm is completely burnt in an excess of O2 and cooled to room temperature. The contraction in volume is..

(2) 1 ml of gaseous aliphatic compound CxHyOz is completely burnt in an excess of O2 and cooled to room temperature. The contraction in volume is..

The maximum number of hydrogen bonds formed by a water molecule in ice is.

 

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