The first ionization energy of carbon atom is greater than that of boron atom, whereas reverse is true for the second ionization energy. Explain.

The electronic configuration of carbon and boron are as follows:

C: 1S²,2s², 2px¹,2py¹

B: 2S², 2s²,  2px¹

Due to higher nuclear charge in carbon, the force of attraction towards valency electron is more in carbon atom and hence the first ionization energy is greater than boron atom. After loss of one electron, the mono-valent cations have the configurations as follows:

C: 1S2 ,2s2 2px1,

B: 2S² , 2s²,  

Configuration of B+ is stable one and hence the removal of electron is difficult in comparison to C+. Hence, second ionization potential of boron is higher than carbon.

Related Questions:

(1) What are the Amphoteric metals ? gives Examples.

(2) Name of total metalloids present in periodic table ?

(3) Total numbers of elements which are liquid at normal temperature is ?

(4) What is Mendeleev's periodic table ? give important features and draw back of Mendeleev's table.

(5) What is atomic density ? give the periodicity of atomic density in periods and groups.

(6) What is atomic volume ? and what is periodicity of atomic volume in groups and periods ?

(7) Why there are 2, 8 and 8 elements in first, second and third periodic of periods table respectively ? Explain.

(8) In alkali metal group which is the strongest reducing agent in aqueous solution and why?

(9) The electron affinity of sulphur is greater than oxygen. Why?

(10) The electronegativities of B, Al, Ga are 2.0, 1.5, 1.6 respectively. The trend is not regular. Explain.

(11) Li2CO3 decomposes on heating but other alkali metal carbonates don’t. Explain.

(12) Of all noble metals, gold has got a relatively high electron affinity. Explain.

(13)Ionization energy of Boron is smaller than Beryllium even though effective nuclear charge is higher?

(14) What are the increasing order of ioni radii of first group elements in water ?

(15) What are the increasing order of molar conductivity of first group elements in water ?

The electron affinity of sulphur is greater than oxygen. Why?

This is because of smaller size of oxygen due to which it has got higher charge density and thus electronic repulsion increases as it takes electron. So its E.A. is less than sulphur.

Related Questions:

(1) What are the Amphoteric metals ? gives Examples.

(2) Name of total metalloids present in periodic table ?

(3) Total numbers of elements which are liquid at normal temperature is ?

(4) What is Mendeleev's periodic table ? give important features and draw back of Mendeleev's table.

(5) What is atomic density ? give the periodicity of atomic density in periods and groups.

(6) What is atomic volume ? and what is periodicity of atomic volume in groups and periods ?

(7) Why there are 2, 8 and 8 elements in first, second and third periodic of periods table respectively ? Explain.

(8) In alkali metal group which is the strongest reducing agent in aqueous solution and why?

(9) The first ionization energy of carbon atom is greater than that of boron atom, whereas reverse is true for the second ionization energy. Explain.

(10) The electronegativities of B, Al, Ga are 2.0, 1.5, 1.6 respectively. The trend is not regular. Explain.

(11) Li2CO3 decomposes on heating but other alkali metal carbonates don’t. Explain.

(12) Of all noble metals, gold has got a relatively high electron affinity. Explain.

(13) Ionization energy of Boron is smaller than Beryllium even though effective nuclear charge is higher?

(14) What are the increasing order of ioni radii of first group elements in water ?

(15) What are the increasing order of molar conductivity of first group elements in water ?

In alkali metal group which is the strongest reducing agent in aqueous solution and why?

Lithium (Li) is the strongest reducing agent. Since I.P. decreases down the group we would expect that Li will have the lowest reducing power in that group. But since its hydration energy is very high and which in fact decreases down the group, Li will have highest reducing power.

Related Questions:

(1) What are the Amphoteric metals ? gives Examples.

(2) Name of total metalloids present in periodic table ?

(3) Total numbers of elements which are liquid at normal temperature is ?

(4) What is Mendeleev's periodic table ? give important features and draw back of Mendeleev's table.

(5) What is atomic density ? give the periodicity of atomic density in periods and groups.

(6) What is atomic volume ? and what is periodicity of atomic volume in groups and periods ?

(7) Why there are 2, 8 and 8 elements in first, second and third periodic of periods table respectively ? Explain.

(8) The electron affinity of sulphur is greater than oxygen. Why?

(9) The first ionization energy of carbon atom is greater than that of boron atom, whereas reverse is true for the second ionization energy. Explain.

(10) The electronegativities of B, Al, Ga are 2.0, 1.5, 1.6 respectively. The trend is not regular. Explain.

(11) Li2CO3 decomposes on heating but other alkali metal carbonates don’t. Explain.

(12) Of all noble metals, gold has got a relatively high electron affinity. Explain.

(13) Ionization energy of Boron is smaller than Beryllium even though effective nuclear charge is higher?

(14) What are the increasing order of ioni radii of first group elements in water ?

(15) What are the increasing order of molar conductivity of first group elements in water ?

Why there are 2, 8 and 8 elements in first, second and third periodic of periods table respectively ? Explain.

In first period 1s is completed. Its capacity is of two electrons. In second period 2s 2p and in third period 3s 3p are completed. The capacity of these shells is of 8 electrons each. Thus, 2, 8 and 8 elements are present in first, second and third periods respectively.

Related Questions:

(1) What are the Amphoteric metals ? gives Examples.

(2) Name of total metalloids present in periodic table ?

(3) Total numbers of elements which are liquid at normal temperature is ?

(4) What is Mendeleev's periodic table ? give important features and draw back of Mendeleev's table.

(5) What is atomic density ? give the periodicity of atomic density in periods and groups.

(6) What is atomic volume ? and what is periodicity of atomic volume in groups and periods ?

(7) In alkali metal group which is the strongest reducing agent in aqueous solution and why?

(8) The electron affinity of sulphur is greater than oxygen. Why?

(9) The first ionization energy of carbon atom is greater than that of boron atom, whereas reverse is true for the second ionization energy. Explain.

(10) The electronegativities of B, Al, Ga are 2.0, 1.5, 1.6 respectively. The trend is not regular. Explain.

(11) Li2CO3 decomposes on heating but other alkali metal carbonates don’t. Explain.

(12) Of all noble metals, gold has got a relatively high electron affinity. Explain.

(13) Ionization energy of Boron is smaller than Beryllium even though effective nuclear charge is higher?

(14) What are the increasing order of ioni radii of first group elements in water ?

(15) What are the increasing order of molar conductivity of first group elements in water ?

What is atomic volume ? and what is periodicity of atomic volume in groups and periods ?

ATOMIC VOLUME:

Atomic Volume of is define as the volume occupied by one mole of atoms or gram atom of the given element in the solid state .

Thus Atomic volume = atomic weight in gram/ Density in solid state 

(A) In general atomic volume generally leads to higher density as vice versa higher atomic volume generally leads to lower density. 

(B) Trends in group:

When we move from top to bottom in a group the atomic volume generally increases.

(C) Trends in period: 

When we move from move left to right along a period the atomic volume first decrease to minimum at mid period then increases.

Related Questions:

(1) What are the Amphoteric metals ? gives Examples.

(2) Name of total metalloids present in periodic table ?

(3) Total numbers of elements which are liquid at normal temperature is ?

(4) What is Mendeleev's periodic table ? give important features and draw back of Mendeleev's table.

(5) What is atomic density ? give the periodicity of atomic density in periods and groups.

(6) Why there are 2, 8 and 8 elements in first, second and third periodic of periods table respectively ? Explain.

(7) In alkali metal group which is the strongest reducing agent in aqueous solution and why?

(8) The electron affinity of sulphur is greater than oxygen. Why?

(9) The first ionization energy of carbon atom is greater than that of boron atom, whereas reverse is true for the second ionization energy. Explain.

(10) The electronegativities of B, Al, Ga are 2.0, 1.5, 1.6 respectively. The trend is not regular. Explain.

(11) Li2CO3 decomposes on heating but other alkali metal carbonates don’t. Explain.

(12) Of all noble metals, gold has got a relatively high electron affinity. Explain.

(13) Ionization energy of Boron is smaller than Beryllium even though effective nuclear charge is higher?

(14) What are the increasing order of ioni radii of first group elements in water ?

(15) What are the increasing order of molar conductivity of first group elements in water ?