(2) Salts may taste salty, bitter, a
stringer or sweet or tasteless
(3) Solution of salts may be acidic,
basic or neutral.
(4) Fused salts and their aqueous
solutions conduct electricity and undergo electrolysis
(5)The salts are generally
crystalline solids
CLASSIFICATION
OF SALTS:
These salts
may be classified into four categories.
(A)
SIMPLE SALTS:
The salts
formed by the neutralization process between acid and base. These are of three
types.
(1)
Normal salt:
The salt
formed by the loss of all possible protons (replaceable H+ ions)
For example
NaCl, NaNO3, K2SO4, Ca3 (PO4)2,
Na3BO3, Na2HPO, NaH2PO2 etc.
(2)
Acidic salts:
Salts formed
by incomplete neutralization of polybasic acid. Such salts contain one or more
replaceable H atom.
For examples
NaHCO3, NaHSO4, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4 etc.
Above salts
when neutralised by base form normal salts.
(3)
Basic salts:
Salts formed
by incomplete neutralization of poly acidic bases are called basic salts. These
salt contain one or more hydroxyl groups.basic salt
when neutralised by acids form normal salts.
Ex.
Zn(OH)Cl, Mg(OH)Cl, Fe(OH)2Cl, Bi(OH)2 etc.
(B)
DOUBLE SALTS:
(1)The
addition compounds formed by the combination of two simple salts are termed as
double salts.
(2) Double
salts are stable in solid state only.
(3) When
dissolved in water, it furnishes all the ions present in the simple salt form
which it has been constituted.
(4)The
solution of double salt shows the properties of the samples salts from which it
has been constituted
For examples
Mohar’s
salt-FeSO4 (NH4)2SO4 .6H2O
(Ferrous ammonium sulphate)
Alum’s- K2SO4Al2 (SO4)3.
24H2O (Potassium ammonium sulphate)
Karnalite- KCl.MgCl2.6 (H2O)
Dolomite- CaCO3.MgCO3 or
CaMg (CO3)2
(C)
COMPLEX SALTS:
(1) Complex
salts are formed by combination of two simple salts or molecular compounds.
For
examples K4Fe (CN)6, Co(NH3)6 SO4 etc.
(2) Complex
salts are stable in solid states as well as solutions
(3) Complex
salts On dissolving in water, if furnishes a complex ion.
(4) The
properties of the solution are different from the properties of the substance
from which it has been constituted.
(D)
MIXED SALTS:
(1)The salt
which furnishes more than one cation or more than one anion when dissolved in
water is Called mixed salt.
FOR EXAMPLE - CaOCl2, NaKSO4, NaNH4HPO4 etc.
SALT
HYDROLYSIS:
[1]
ANIONIC SALT HYDROLYSIS:
[2]
CATIONIC SALT HYDROLYSIS:
[3]
CATIONIC AS WELL AS ANIONIC HYDROLYSIS:
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