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Monday, July 20, 2020

What are Zeeman and Stark effects? Were they explained by the Bohr’s theory?

The splitting of spectral lines into many components in the presence of a magnetic field is called Zeeman effect.

Analogously, the splitting of spectral lines into many components in the presence of an electric field is called Stark effect. 
These effects could not be explained within the framework of Bohr's theory and required the presence of multiple non-circular orbits corresponding to each energy level. An effort, with some degree of success, was made by Sommerfeld to explain these phenomena by invoking multiple elliptical orbits corresponding to each energy level. The Bohr Sommerfeld theory was ultimately discarded along with Bohr's model for other reasons.

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