Pauling used dipole moment for depicting percentage of polarity and ionic character of the bond. According to Pauling, a bond can never be 100% ionic.
= 4.8 × 10–10 × 0.83 × 10–8esu
cm
= 4.8 × 0.83 × 10–18 esu cm = 3.984 D
∴ %
ionic character = 1.82/3.984 × 100 = 45.68%
(#) When electronegativity difference between two atoms is 2.1,
there is 50% ionic character in the bond.
(#) When electronegativity difference is zero (identical atoms), the bond will be 100% covalent.
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