Why medicines are more effective in colloidal state?

A colloidal state has larger surface area of sol particles and this shows more effective adsorption. Thus medicines in colloidal state are more effectively absorbed and give better results.

What is Associated Colloids (Micelles) ?

There are some substances which at low concentrations behaves as normal, strong electrolytes but at higher concentrations exhibit colloidal  behaviour due to the formation of aggregated particles. The aggregated particles thus formed are called micelles. These are also known as associated colloids. 

The formation of micelles take place only above a particular temperature called kraft temperature (Tk) and above a particular concentration called critical micelle concentration (CMC). On dilution, these colloids revert back to individual ions. Surface active agents such as soaps and synthetic detergents belong to this class. For soaps, the CMC is -10-4

to 10-3 molperL. 

These colloids have both lyophobic and lyophilic parts. Micelles may contains as many as 100 molecules or more.

Acetyl chloride on reduction with H2 in presence of Pd as catalyst gives ethanol, whereas in presence of Pd-BaSO4, it gives ethanal.

Solutions are homogenous systems e.g. sugar solution. If sand is stirred in water, it slowly settles down and is called a suspension. Between the extremes of suspensions and solutions a large group of systems called colloidal dispersion or simply colloids exist.

A colloidal is a heterogeneous system in which one substance is dispersed (dispersed phase) as very fine particles in another substance called dispersion medium. The essential difference between a solution and a colloidal is one of particle size. In a solution, the particles or ions are small molecules. In a colloid, the dispersed phase may consist a particles of a simple macromolecule (such as protein or synthetic polymer) or an aggregate of many atoms, ions or molecules. Colloidal particles are larger than simple molecules but small enough to remain suspended. They have a range of a diameter between 1 and 1000 nm.

Comment on the statement that “colloid is not a substance but a state of substance”.

Any substance (solid, liquid or gas) using special method can be brought into colloidal state. For example, NaCl in water forms true solution but in benzene forms colloidal solutions in alcohol but colloidal in water.

If H+ (ion) is accelerated to a final velocity of 6.62×10+6 meter per second and error in velocity is 1% then find uncertainty in position is?