What are the composition of pig iron?.

Pig Iron: Composition:

SN	Impurities	%
1	Carbon (C)	3- 4.3
2	Silicon (Si)	1-2.0
3	Manganese (Mn)	0.5-2.0
4	Phosphorous (P)	0.05-2.0
5	Sulphure (S)	0.05-1.0

Why density of water is greater than ice ?

Ice and water both contains H₂O molecules but in water H₂O molecules are more compactly arrange than in ice.

Ice has a hexagonal cage like structure, inside it H₂O molecules are not closely packed.hence there is more vacant space between the molecules of ice. As a result the volume increases due to the vacant spaces.  As a result density of ice decrease.

Other hand,On increasing temperature then kinetic energy of molecules increases as result the interaction between the molecules decrease and as a result the the molecules come closer to each other and the volume decreases, so the density increases.

The density of water is maximum at 3.98 ℃ approximately 4 degree celsius.

Related Questions:

The maximum number of hydrogen bonds formed by a water molecule in ice is.

What is the temperature at density of water is maximum ?

Why ice floats on water at room temperature ?

Why density of water is greater than ice ?

What is "Nascent" Hydrogen ?

Why ice floats on water at room temperature ?

At room temperature ice is less dense than liquid water, so it floats on water surface. The maximum density of water occurs around 3.98 ℃ or approx 4 degrees Celsius.

Related Questions:

The maximum number of hydrogen bonds formed by a water molecule in ice is.

What is the temperature at density of water is maximum ?

Why ice floats on water at room temperature ?

Why density of water is greater than ice ?

What is "Nascent" Hydrogen ?

 

What is synergic bonding ?

Carbon monoxide, CO, as a ligand binds itself to metal atoms through the carbon atom. It is a weak donor (a weak base). It forms a weak sigma-bond to the central atom. CO is also an acceptor ligand and from a π-bond to the metal. This characteristic property of back bonding stabilised the metal-ligand interaction. 

For a better understanding of the nature of bonding in metal carbonyls, we have to consider first the molecular orbital energy level diagram of carbon monoxide given in the figure. 3-sigma, the highest occupied molecular orbital in CO is essentially a lobe projecting away from the carbon atom. When CO acts as a ligand. This orbital serves as a weak donor to the metal atom, and forms a bond as represented in Figure. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbltals of CO are the π* (2π) orbitals. These play an important part in bonding as they can overlap metal d orbltals having π symmetry. The resultant Interaction leads to the delocalisation of electrons from, filled d orbltals on the metal into the empty orbitals on the CO ligands.This in fact, is back bonding from metal to CO. The metal to ligand bonding creates a synergic effect which strengthens the bond between CO and the metal (Figure).

The MO energy level diagram for CO The filled 3-sigma and the vacant 2π-oribttols are important for bonding in the formation of metal carbonyls.

Related Questions;

(1) What is stretching frequency of C-O bond in carbonyl Complexes?

(2) What type of ligands are known ?

(3) What are pi-donors ligands give the examples?

(4) What are pi-acceptors ligands give the examples?

(5) What are sigma-donors ligands give the examples?

How to find number of isomers of a octahedral complex containing all different ligands for example ML2,L2,L3,L4,L5,L6 type ?

Let us consider a octahedral complexes [ML1L2L3L4L5L5]  where M is the central metal atom while L2, L2, L3 .... are six different ligands we  shall represent the ligands by smallcase letters a,b,c etc. and the metal by M. We can write 12"cis" isomers in which ligands are separated by at angle 90° and 3 "trans" isomers in which ligands are separated by 180°.

The geometrical isomers of Mabcdef areas follows.

M(L1)(L2)(L3) (L4)(L5)(L6):

"Cis" isomers: separated by 90°

(1,2)(1,3)(1,4)(1,5)

(2,3)(3,4)(4,5)(5,2)

(2,6)(3,6)(4,6)(5,6)

"Trans " isomers: separated by 180°

(1,6)(2,4)(3,5)