Arrange the following groups in order of their increasing tendency for nucleophilic addition reactions -COO-, -COOH, -COOCH3, -COCH3, -CHO, -COCI, -CONH2. Justify your answer.

The tendency, for nucleophilic additions of a carbonyl group is increased with increasing partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon atom, which is maximum in -COCl and minimum in -COO-. Thus, the required order is:

      "-COCI > -CHO > -COCH₃ > -COOCH₃ > -CONH₂ > -COOH > -COO-"

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