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Friday, October 16, 2020

Classification of oxides on basis of oxygen content:

(1) Normal Oxides:

(2) Sesqui Oxides:

(3) Mixed Oxides:

(4) Peroxides:

(5) Super Oxides:

(6) Suboxides:

(7) Perovskites:

(8) Spinel Oxides:

(9) Cage like Oxide:

(1) Normal oxides:

The Oxides in which oxidation state of central atom is found to be one of the it's common oxidation state. The are also called acid anhydride because on dissolving them  into water oxygen acid is formed in which oxidation state of central atom is found to be same as present in Oxide.

examples:  B2O3, CO2, N2O3, N2O5, SO2, SO3, Cl2O7, XeO3, XeO4 etc.

(2) Sesqui oxides:

The oxides in which number of oxygen atoms pet central atoms is found to be 3/2 .And it may be ionic, covalent or missed oxides.Mostly M2O3 type Oxides (Corundum structure) are sesqui Oxides.  Where M+2= Al, Ga, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, The etc.

Examples , B2O3, N2O3, Al2O3 ( covalent oxide) Fe2O3 (ionic oxide) Pb2O3 (mixed oxide)
(3) Mixed Oxides:

The oxides in which oxidation state of oxygen atom is found to be it's uncommon oxidation state on central atom. Mixed oxides on dissolving in water undergo "disproportionation" 

For examples B2O3, ClO2, Cl2O7 etc.
(4) Peroxides:

The oxides in which  calculated oxidation state of central atom is more than maximum oxidation state of central atom due to the presence of peroxide linkage.

For examples, H2O2, Na2O2, BaO2, PbO2, CrO5 etc.
(5) Super Oxides:

The oxides in which oxidati state of oxygen atom always -1/2, and super oxides are always ionic and paramagnetic.

For examples KO2 , PbO2, (NH4)O2 etc.

KO2 => k+[O-O]-. Have following character

Bond pair -2

Lone pair -2

Hybri- sp2, linear non planner and bond angle not applicable.

(6) Suboxides:

The oxides contains more oxygen atoms as compare to central atoms and according to valency requirements of central atoms number of oxygen atoms are not sufficient.

For examples B2O3, C3O2, C12O9, Pb3O, Rb9O2, Cs11O3 etc. 

(7) Perovskite oxides:

ABO3 type Oxides are also called Perovskite for examples CaTiO3  And BaTiO3.

(8) Spinel Oxide:

(7) Case Oxides:

 P4, P4O4, P4O10, P4S3, P4S10, N4(CH2)6

Structure of P4O6 and P4O10

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