What is Bent’s rule of hybridization?

According to the bent's rule the more electronegative atom not only prefer to stay in that Hybride orbital which having less  % S character (more p-character) but it also decreases % S-character and increases % P-character in its attached orbital from the central atom.

On increasing % s character in hybrid orbital , the bond length  decreases while bond angle increases.

For example:C-H bond of CH₄ is longer than C-H bond of floromethan (CH₃F) because In CH₄ all the Sp3 hybrid orbitals are equal in term of  s-% character(25%) and % p-charater(75%)  so that all C-H bond in CH₄  are equal while in case of CH₃F the hybrid orbital has more p-character (more than 75%) and less s-character (less then 25%) containg fluorine atom and other hybrid orbitals have less p-character (less than75%) and more s-character (more than 25%) hence C-H bond length of CH₃F decreases.

EXCEPTIONS OF BENT’S RULE:

 (1): Bent’s rule is applicable in those molecules where central atoms are same and they are also in same Hybridization.

For example N-N bond length cannot be compared in N₂H₄ and N₂O₄ using Bent rule.

(2): Bent’s rule violets in those molecules where steric factor’s plays dominating rule.

Related Questions:

(1) What is Bent’s rule of hybridization?

(2) Which of the following compound have longest (S=O)bond length , O=SF2,  O=SCl2, O=SBr2.

(3) Why Bond length of O-O is greater in H2O2 than O2F2?

(4) How to arrange increasing (C-H) bond length in increasing order and H-C-F bond angle in the given compounds, CH4, CH3F, CH2F2 and CHF3 ?

(5)  Dipole moment of PCl2F3 is non zero while dipole moment of PCl3F2 is zero why?

(6) What are the structural difference between oxides ( P4O6 and P4O10) of phosphorous?

(7) How to compare equatorial bond angle (F-S-F) and S-F bond length of SOF4 and SF4 molecules ?