Henry & Smith equation: Calculation of percentage (%) ionic character in covalent compounds?

The percentage ionic character in covalent compound arises due to the electronegative difference of bonding atoms. And percentage ionic character of covalent bond calculates by Henry and Smith equation;

Solved Questions:

(1) The electronegativity of F and H are 4.0 and 2.1 respectively. The percentage ionic character in H and F bond is.

(2) A given compound AB whose electronegative difference is 1.9 . Atomic radius of A and B are 4 and 2 Angstroms the distance between A and B means dA-B is ?

(3) The C–C single bond length is 1.54 Angstroms and that of Cl–Cl is 1.98 Angstroms. If the electronegativity of Cl and C are 3.0 and 2.5 respectively, the C–Cl bond-length will be equal to ?

(4) Stevenson & Schromaker Equation: Determination covalent radius of Heterogeneous Molecules.

(5) How to calculate percentage (%) ionic character in covalent compounds?

What is the difference of dipole moment of NH3 and NF3 respectively?

 Both NH3 and NF3 have sp3 hybridization and trigonal pyramidal shape.

Fluorine has more electronegative than nitrogen but NH₃ has more dipole moment than NF₃.  In NH3, Nitrogen is more electronegative than Hydrogen. So Nitrogen pulls the electrons from Hydrogen towards itself and so, the direction of moment due to the N-H bonds is in the same direction as that of the lone pair of electrons on Nitrogen. Hence here additive effect appears while in case of NF₃, Fluorine is more electronegative than Nitrogen. So fluorine pulls electrons from nitrogen towards itself  so that direction of moment due to N-F bonds is in the opposite direction as the lone pair of electron on nitrogen atom. Hence it is clear dipole moment of NH₃ is more than NF₃.

Related Questions:

(1) The Dipole moment of Chloromethane is more than Fluoromethane. Explain.

(2) CO2 has got dipole moment of zero why?

(3) Dipole moment of CCl4 is zero while that of CHCl3 is non zero. explain.

(4) Compare the dipole moment of H2O and F2O.

(5) Which has more dipole moment of NH3 or NF3?

(6) Which NH3 and NF3 have the highest dipole moment and why?

(7) Why dipole moment of NH3 is lower than NH3?

Why dipole moment of NH3 is lower than NH3?

Both NH3 and NF3 have sp3 hybridization and trigonal pyramidal shape.

Fluorine has more electronegative than nitrogen but NH₃ has more dipole moment than NF₃.  In NH3, Nitrogen is more electronegative than Hydrogen. So Nitrogen pulls the electrons from Hydrogen towards itself and so, the direction of moment due to the N-H bonds is in the same direction as that of the lone pair of electrons on Nitrogen. Hence here additive effect appears while in case of NF₃, Fluorine is more electronegative than Nitrogen. So fluorine pulls electrons from nitrogen towards itself  so that direction of moment due to N-F bonds is in the opposite direction as the lone pair of electron on nitrogen atom. Hence it is clear dipole moment of NH₃ is more than NF₃.

Related Questions:

(1) The Dipole moment of Chloromethane is more than Fluoromethane. Explain.

(2) CO2 has got dipole moment of zero why?

(3) Dipole moment of CCl4 is zero while that of CHCl3 is non zero. explain.

(4) Compare the dipole moment of H2O and F2O.

(5) Which has more dipole moment of NH3 or NF3?

(6) Which NH3 and NF3 have the highest dipole moment and why?

(7) What is the difference of dipole moment of NH3 and NF3 respectively?

Which NH3 and NF3 have the highest dipole moment and why?

Both NH₃ and NF₃ have sp3 hybridization and trigonal pyramidal shape.

                     

Fluorine has more electronegative than nitrogen but NH₃ has more dipole moment than NF₃.  In NH3, Nitrogen is more electronegative than Hydrogen. So Nitrogen pulls the electrons from Hydrogen towards itself and so, the direction of moment due to the N-H bonds is in the same direction as that of the lone pair of electrons on Nitrogen. Hence here additive effect appears while in case of NF₃, Fluorine is more electronegative than Nitrogen. So fluorine pulls electrons from nitrogen towards itself  so that direction of moment due to N-F bonds is in the opposite direction as the lone pair of electron on nitrogen atom. Hence it is clear dipole moment of NH₃ is more than NF₃.

Related Questions:

(1) The Dipole moment of Chloromethane is more than Fluoromethane. Explain.

(2) CO2 has got dipole moment of zero why?

(3) Dipole moment of CCl4 is zero while that of CHCl3 is non zero. explain.

(4) Compare the dipole moment of H2O and F2O.

(5) Which has more dipole moment of NH3 or NF3?

(6) Which NH3 and NF3 have the highest dipole moment and why?

(7) What is the difference of dipole moment of NH3 and NF3 respectively?

Which has more dipole moment of NH3 or NF3?

Both NH₃ and NF₃ have sp3 hybridization and trigonal pyramidal shape.

                        

Fluorine has more electronegative than nitrogen but NH₃ has more dipole moment than NF₃.  In NH3, Nitrogen is more electronegative than Hydrogen. So Nitrogen pulls the electrons from Hydrogen towards itself and so, the direction of moment due to the N-H bonds is in the same direction as that of the lone pair of electrons on Nitrogen. Hence here additive effect appears while in case of NF₃, Fluorine is more electronegative than Nitrogen. So fluorine pulls electrons from nitrogen towards itself  so that direction of moment due to N-F bonds is in the opposite direction as the lone pair of electron on nitrogen atom. Hence it is clear dipole moment of NH₃ is more than NF₃.

Related Questions:

(1) The Dipole moment of Chloromethane is more than Fluoromethane. Explain.

(2) CO2 has got dipole moment of zero why?

(3) Dipole moment of CCl4 is zero while that of CHCl3 is non zero. explain.

(4) Compare the dipole moment of H2O and F2O.

(5) Which has more dipole moment of NH3 or NF3?

(6) Which NH3 and NF3 have the highest dipole moment and why?

(7) What is the difference of dipole moment of NH3 and NF3 respectively?