The oxides in which
oxidati state of oxygen atom always -1/2, and super oxides are always ionic and
paramagnetic.
For
examples KO2 , PbO2, (NH4)O2 etc.
KO2 =>
k+[O-O]-. Have following character
Bond pair -2
Lone pair -2
Hybri- sp2, linear non
planner and bond angle not applicable.
The are oxides of non metals which are neither acidic
nor basic in nature or these are not
react with acids or bases for
examples.
CO, NO, N2O, H2O and OF2
etc.
According to this concept acids are any chemical species which react with bases and gives cations or accept anions or electrons.
Similarly Bases are a chemical species which react with acids and gives anions or electrons or cations
Hard and Soft acids and bases:
The Lux-Flood concept is given by Lux in 1929 and supported by Flood in 1947. Lux-Flood concept is based on oxide ion acceptor and donor tendency.
Lux-Flood bases: According to this concept bases are
those species which can donate oxide ions examples.
Lux-Flood Acids: According to this concept Acids are
those species which can accept oxide ions.
Chemical Reactions according Lewis acid-base concept:
Acid-base reaction in term Lux-Flood acid and base is a specific reactions in which oxide ions are mainly use in molten form or at high temperature.
Amphoteric Nature of Oxides as per Lux-Flood Concept:
Acidic Nature of Xenon
fluoride as per Lux-Flood Concept:
According to Lux –Flood concept Xenon
fluorides accept oxide ions from other compounds and insert fluorides ions in
its place.
For examples
The Order of decreasing Lux-Flood acidity of Xenon Fluorides is given as:
Limitations of Lux-Flood Acid –base Concept:
(1) It is
dealing with anhydrous reaction in fused molten oxides and other high temperature reactions found in
metallurgy and ceramics.
(2) When
Lux-Flood, acidic and basic of oxide react with water gives corresponding acid
and base.
Limitations of Lux-Flood Acid
–base Concept:
(1) Base
must contain oxide ion and acid must have accept oxide ions.
(2)It
fails to explain reaction without metal
ions
The most common concept of
acids and bases is due to Cady and Elsey. Most of the solvents undergo
auto-ionization and form cation and anions like water, regardless it contains
protons or not for examples; H2O, NH3, H2SO4, HNO3, POCl3,
BrF3, N2O4, NOCl, CH3COOH,
Related Questions:
Why aqueous solution of AlCl3 is acidic in nature ?
What happen when aq AlCl3 react with Acid or Base?
Although anhydrous aluminium chloride is covalent but its aqueous solution is ionic in nature. Why?
Why BF3 do not exist as dimer?. Explain.
Why B-F bond length in BF3 is shorter (130 pm) than B-F bond Iength in BF4- (143 pm)?. Explain.
B-F bond length in BF3 is shorter than B-F bond length in (BF4)- why?
What is product of reaction between diborane (B2H6) and ammmonia (NH3)?
Why methylation of Diborane (B2H6) replace four hydrogen only ?
What is use of Orthoboric acids?
What is basicity of "Boric acid" ?
Why Boric acid exist in solid state ?
What is structure of solid Ortho Boric acid ?
What is effect of heat on Borax?
What is the structure of trimetaboric acid and trimetaborate ion?
What is the Sodium per borate ,give the structure and its uses?
Why aqueous solution of borax reacts with two moles of acids ?
What is the molecular formula of Borax ?
Why Boric acid become strong acid in the presence of cis 1,2-diol or 1,3-diol ?
Why Borazine is more reactive than benzene towards Electrophic Aromatic substitution reactions ?
Why Borazine (B3N3H6) is also known as inorganic benzene ?.
Four-center two-electron bond (4C-2e Bond): Structure of AlCl3:
