(A) Distance between two carbon atoms:
(B) Radius of carbon atoms:
(C) Fraction (Packing efficiency) of the
total volume that is occupied by the carbon atoms:
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What are the normal spinel structures?
Thursday, May 6, 2021
The edge length of unit cubic cell of diamond is 356.7 pm and this cubic unit cell contains 8 carbon atoms calculate (A) Distance between two carbon atoms, assuming them to spheres in contact (B) Radius of carbon atoms (C) Fraction of the total volume that is occupied by the carbon atoms.
In diamond, carbon atoms occupy FCC/CCP lattice point as well as alternate tetrahedral voids. If edge length of unit cell is 3.56pm, the radius of carbon atom is ?
We know that in diamond structure the distance between two carbon atoms is
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Tuesday, May 4, 2021
Acid base theories (Concepts):
Characters of acids:
(1) acids convert blue litmus to red and methyl orange indicator
to red .
(2) Sour in taste.
(3) It liberate hydrogen gas with active metals.
(4) Acids neutralized the effect of base
(5) acids increases the conduction of water.
Characters of bases:
(1) bases convert the red litmus to blue and methyl orange indicator to
yellow.
(2) Phenylphthlene indicator (white) to pink.
(3) Bitter in taste and soapy in touch.
(4) Bases neutralised the effect of acid.
(5) They increases conductance of water.
Acid base concepts:
(1) Arrhenius acid base concept:
(2) Bronsted Lowery acid base concept:
(4) The Solvent System (Self or Auto Ionization of Solvent):
(5) The Lux-Flood Acids-base concept:
(6) The Usanovich Acid-base concept:
OXY ACIDS:
(3) Oxy acids of Nitrogen:
Related Questions:
(1) What is Use of Boric Acid?
(2) What is use of Orthoboric acids?
(3) What is basicity of "Boric acid" ?
(4) Why Boric acid exist in solid state ?
(5) What is structure of solid Ortho Boric acid ?
(6) What is effect of heat on Borax?
(7) What is the structure of trimetaboric acid and trimetaborate ion?
(8) What is the Sodium per borate ,give the structure and its uses?
(9) Why aqueous solution of borax reacts with two moles of acids ?
(10) What is the molecular formula of Borax ?
(11) Why Boric acid become strong acid in the presence of cis 1,2-diol or 1,3-diol ?
(12) Why Borazine is more reactive than benzene towards Electrophic Aromatic substitution reactions ?
(13) Why Borazine (B3N3H6) is also known as inorganic benzene ?.
How to pridict cyclic structure given compound/oxy-acid:
If in given compounds number of substituents are integral multiple of central atoms (except P4O6,P4O10,P4S3,P4S10,(CH2)6N4,B4Cl4) the compounds will be cyclic structure. And number of central atoms must be three (3) or more than three.
Meta phosphoric acids and their salts always exist in dimeric, trimeric, tetrameric or in polymeric linear as
well as cyclic form, not in monomeric form due to the presence of weak
(2p-3d- pi bond) bond the sodium salts of trimer and hexamer is very famous
salts.
How to find oxy-linkage present in a given oxy-acid:
Related Questions:
What are "Ortho" or "Meta" oxyacids?
How to find oxy-linkage present in a given oxy-acid:
If calculated/avarage oxidation state of central atoms in an oxy acid/oxyanion /oxide having two or more central atomis found to be one of the its common oxidation state then oxy-linkage will be present however this rule is not applicable for hyponitrous acid(H2N2O2), thiosulphuric acid(H2S2O3) and pyrosulphuric acid (H2S2O5).
For
example H6P4O13 has calculated/avarage oxidation state of
p=+5 and one of common oxidation state of p is +3 and +5 it means calculated
oxidation state match with common oxidation state so there is
oxy-linkage(P-O-P) present.
Related Questions:
What are "Ortho" or "Meta" oxyacids?
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