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Sunday, June 27, 2021

General Inorganic Chemistry (Interactive mechanism of inorganic reactions):

(1)-Classification of Elements & Periodicity in properties

(2) Structure of atom and Electronic configuration

(3)-Chemical bonding & Molecular Structures

3.1 Chemical Bonds

3.2 Ionic Bond

3.3 Covalent bond (sigma and pi Bond)

3.4 Coordinate bond

3.5 Valence Bond Theory

3.5 Hybridization

3.6 VSEPR Theory

3.6 MOT

(4)-General Inorganic Chemistry (G.Ino.C)

3.1 Dipole Moment

3.2 Fajan’s Rule

3.3 Resonance

3.4 D-Orbital resonance

3.5 Bent’s rule of hybridization

3.6 Drago’s rule: No need of hybridization

3.7 Back bond

3.8 Bridge Bond: Multi-centered Bond

3.9 Vander Waal’s force

3.10 Hydrogen Bond

3.11 Metallic Bond

5-Acid-Base Concepts/theories

4.1 Arrhenius Acid–Base concept

4.2 Bronsted Lowery Acid-base concept:

4.3 Lewis Acid-Base concepts:

4.4 The Solvent System (Self or Auto Ionization of Solvent):

4.5 The Lux-Flood Acids-base concepts:

4.6 The Usanovich Acid-base concepts:

6-Oxides (Acid anhydrides)

5.1 Classification of oxides: (On the Basis of oxygen content):

5.2 Classification of oxides: (On the basis of Acid-Base Interaction):

7-Oxy acids and its Salts

6.1 Oxy acids of Boron:

6.2 Oxy acids of Silicon:

6.3 Oxy acids of Nitrogen:

6.4 Oxy acids of Phosphorous:

6.5 Oxy acids of Sulphur:

6.6 Oxy acids of Chlorine:

(8)-Type of inorganic reactions

(9)-Hydrolysis Mechanism

8.1 Hydrolysis of Halides of 13th group:

8.2 Hydrolysis of Halides of 14th group:

8.3 Hydrolysis of Halides of 15th group:

8.4 Hydrolysis of Halides of 16th group:

8.5 Hydrolysis of Interhalogen compounds:

8.6 Hydrolysis of Halides of 18th group:

8.7 Hydrolysis of peroxy acids:

8.8 Hydrolysis of Oxides:

8.9 Hydrolysis of Carbides:

8.10 Hydrolysis of Nitrides:

8.11 Hydrolysis of Hydrides:

8.12 Hydrolysis of phosphides:

8.13 Hydrolysis of sulphides:

8.14 Hydrolysis of Silicides:

8.15 Hydrolysis of Borides:

8.16 Hydrolysis of Phosphides:

(10)-Effect of heat on compounds (acids, bases and Salts)

9.1 Thermal stability of salts

9.2 Thermal Decomposition Reactions

(11)- The Coordination compounds

(12)- Quantitive Analysis (Salts Analysis):

 

Fluorine form only one oxoacid while other halogens form several oxoacids why?

Fluorine can not expand it's octed so form one oxy acid HOF. The other halogens form several oxocids. Most of then can not be isolated in pure state. They are stable only in aqueous solution or in the form of their salts.

Saturday, June 26, 2021

Metals that form insoluble hydroxides under aqueous conditions, form insoluble amides in liquid ammonia (NH3), for example Zn(NH3)2.

Metals that form insoluble hydroxides under aqueous conditions, form insoluble amides in liquid ammonia (NH3), for example Zn(NH3)2Just as Zn(OH)2 dissolve in the presence of excess hydroxide ions (equation-1) , Zn(NH2)2 reacts with  amide ions to form soluble salts containing anions (A)(equation-2).

Related Questions: 

Although anhydrous aluminium chloride is covalent but its aqueous solution is ionic in nature. Why?

Why Ga has small size than Al exceptionally

Why aqueous solution of borax reacts with two moles of acids ?

What is structure of solid Ortho Boric acid ?

What is the structure of trimetaboric acid and trimetaborate ion?  

Why Borazine is more reactive than benzene towards Electrophic Aromatic substitution reactions ?

Why Borazine (B3N3H6) is also known as inorganic benzene ?.

Why B-F bond length in BF3 is shorter (130 pm) than B-F bond Iength in BF4- (143 pm)?. Explain.

Why B-F do not exist as dimer?. Explain.

Although anhydrous aluminium chloride is covalent but its aqueous solution is ionic in nature. Why?

Why Boric acid become strong acid in the presence of cis 1,2-diol or 1,3-diol ?

Four-center two-electron bond (4C-2e Bond): Structure of AlCl3:

What is the molecular formula of Borax ?

What is the difference between the structure of AlCl3 and diborane?


Thursday, June 24, 2021

What are the hybridixation and shape of I3- and I3+ PolyIodide ions!

I3- ion has sp3d hybridization and linear shape containing two bond pair and three lone pair while I3+ ion has sp3 hybridization and bent shape containing two bond pair and two lone pair.

Related Questions: 

Why aqueous solution of AlCl3 is acidic in nature ?

What happen when aq AlCl3 react with Acid or Base?

Although anhydrous aluminium chloride is covalent but its aqueous solution is ionic in nature. Why?

Why BF3 do not exist as dimer?. Explain.

Why B-F bond length in BF3 is shorter (130 pm) than B-F bond Iength in BF4- (143 pm)?. Explain.

B-F bond length in BF3 is shorter than B-F bond length in (BF4)- why?

When B2H6 is allowed to react with following Lewis bases, then how may given Lewis base form adduct through symmetrical Cleavage of B2H6.

What is product of reaction between diborane (B2H6) and ammmonia (NH3)?

Why methylation of Diborane (B2H6) replace four hydrogen only ?

What is Use of Boric Acid?

What is use of Orthoboric acids?

What is basicity of "Boric acid" ?

Why Boric acid exist in solid state ?

What is structure of solid Ortho Boric acid ?

What is effect of heat on Borax?

What is the structure of trimetaboric acid and trimetaborate ion?

What is the Sodium per borate ,give the structure and its uses?

Why aqueous solution of borax reacts with two moles of acids ?

What is the molecular formula of Borax ?

Why Boric acid become strong acid in the presence of cis 1,2-diol or 1,3-diol ?

Why Borazine is more reactive than benzene towards Electrophic Aromatic substitution reactions ?

Why Borazine (B3N3H6) is also known as inorganic benzene ?.


Why 2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is more acidic than 2-hydroxybenzoic acid followed by benzoic acid ?

Due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding of conjugate base of acid give extra stability to the conjugate base hence acidic strength increase for example salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid) is more acidic than benzoic acid and 2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is more acidic than  2-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Related Questions:

  1. Highly branched carboxylic acids are less acidic than unbranched acids. Explain why?
  2. Benzamide is less easily hydrolysed than methyl benzoate. Why ?
  3. Alcohols and Phenols both are acidic but phenols are more acidic. Why?
  4. Which is more acidic 2-methyl benzoic acid , 3-methyl benzoic acid or 4-methyl benzoic acid.?
  5. Why is o-toluic acid (2-methyl benzoic acid) stronger than benzoic acid ?
  6. What is the ortho effect? Why are nearly all ortho substitute benzoic acids (except some groups) stronger acid than benzoic acid?
  7. Name of groups which does not show ortho effect in benzoic acid?
  8. Why Picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) is weak acid then expected ?
  9. What is Steric Inhibition of Deprotonation effect ? Or SID effect ?
  10. Alcohols and Phenols both are acidic but phenols are more acidic. Why?
  11. Among orthochlorophenol and orthofluorophenol, which will be a stronger acid and why?
  12. Why The phenoxide ion is more stable than phenol ?
  13. What is correct acidic strengths order of the haloforms acids ? Give correct explanation.
  14. Lower aliphatic acids having 1 to 5 carbons are soluble in water but higher fatty acids having six or more than six carbon are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol. Explain.
  15. Phenoxide ion is more stable than an alkaoxide. why?
  16. Why does aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution dissolve carboxylic acids but not phenol though they are also acidic ?
  17. Chloroform is more acidic than fluoroform why?
  18. Fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine even then, p-flurobenzoic acid is weaker acid than p-chlorobenzoic acid explain ?